International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects)
International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects) published by the Centre for Research and Development Indonesia (CERED Indonesia) in May and October. Injects aims to disseminate information on scientific papers related to Economic, Technology and Social Sciences by academics and practitioners. Injects accepts submissions of articles written in english. Determination of articles to be published is carried out through a blind review process by the editorial team by paying attention to aspects such as: meeting the requirements of scientific journal publication standards and contributing articles for professional development. The editor is responsible for providing a constructive review of the articles to be published and (if necessary) as well as submitting the evaluation result of the article to the author. Articles that are proposed to be published in the journal are recommended to follow the guidelines for writing articles made by the editor. e-ISSN 2775-2976 Injects is abstracting & indexing in the following databases:
Spatial Patterns of Inequality and Governance in Decentralising Indonesia, 1999-2014
This paper presents the dynamic relationship between inequality and the quality of local governance at the district level, including a search for the main driving forces and spatial patterns of changes in this relationship. To this aim, we search for a systematic relationship between inequality and a set of governance indicators across districts throughout Indonesia. We find that the relationship between inequality and institutional quality is not straightforward, depending on which indicator we use as a proxy for the institutional variable. In contrast, we find that the relationship between inequality and governance is straightforward: good local governance is associated with low inequality at the district level. If we test for reverse causality, we find mixed evidence on the role of inequality as the determinant of local institutional quality. Reverse causality between inequality and governance is found when we use the service delivery index as a proxy for the governance variable: low inequality will improve local governance
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Design Of Fuzzy Logic-Based Temperature Control System For PPF Installation Workshop Spaces
This Paper described design a fuzzy logic-based temperature control system for Paint Protection Film (PPF) installation workshop spaces. PPF installation requires optimal temperature conditions (20-27°C) to ensure proper adhesion, but workshop environments often experience temperature fluctuations that compromise installation quality. The research method uses computational simulation with a modified Mamdani fuzzy logic approach, incorporating more aggressive membership functions, adaptive aggression factors, and integral control. Simulation was conducted with a setpoint of 20°C, initial temperature of 30°C, and duration of 30 minutes. Results show the system successfully achieved a steady-state error of 1.491°C, overshoot of 45.14%, and settling time of 30.0 minutes, meeting validation criteria with steady-state error < 1.5°C. The system maintained temperature within the manufacturer-recommended range for PPF installation. The research concludes that modified fuzzy logic control strategies effectively enhance system performance for specific PPF workshop applications. The main contribution is the development of a control system tailored to the specific requirements of PPF workshop environments, filling a research gap in intelligent control system applications for this context.
Legal Certainty of Acquittal Decision (Vrijspraak) Against Perpetrators Of 3 Kg Lpg Gas Adulteration (Case Study of Decision No. 350/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Mdn)
LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) subsidies are provided by the government to low-income communities with the aim of making it easily accessible to the public. The act of mixing subsidized LPG is harmful to public interest and causes public concern. This is evident in Medan city, where cases of mixing subsidized 3 Kg LPG cylinders into non-subsidized 12 Kg cylinders occur. The research problem is how the legal certainty of acquittal rulings for perpetrators of 3 Kg LPG mixing is ensured and how judges consider the acquittal of such perpetrators based on the ruling No. 350/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Mdn. This type of research is empirical normative juridical research. The data sources use secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature review and field studies, and data analysis is conducted qualitatively. Based on the results of the discussion, it was found that the legal certainty of acquittal against the perpetrators of LPG 3 Kg adulteration is determined by examining the indicators of criminal punishment for the offenders involved, referring to the evidence found and presented in court, so that the panel of judges is convinced that the perpetrators can be declared legally proven and have indeed committed the criminal act of subsidized LPG adulteration. The judge's consideration regarding the acquittal of the perpetrator of mixing 3 Kg LPG gas based on Decision No. 350/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Mdn was made by the panel of judges based on the considerations in the first, second, and third alternative charges of the Public Prosecutor, which according to the facts of the trial were not proven in their entirety. Therefore, based on these facts, the defendant must be acquitted of the charges brought by the Public Prosecutor and from all legal claims. Based on the legal facts in the trial, the panel of judges found no evidence that the activity was carried out on the orders of the defendant.
Empowering Smart Cities through Smart Governance: A Strategic Path to Employee Productivity
This study aims to find out how smart governance influences to create a smart city on employee work productivity at the Governor's Office of North Sumatra. In this study, the authors used quantitative research methods. Data collection procedures in this study are observation (observation), interviews, documentation studies and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques in this study were correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing (t test), and coefficient of determination test (R2). The results of the correlation test obtained that the correlation coefficient between variable X (Smart Governance) and variable Y (Employee Work Productivity) is 0.730. This means that variables X and Y have a strong influence because they have a correlation value that is at 0.60 – 0.799 (strong/high correlation). The results of simple linear regression coefficient calculations obtained a constant coefficient value of 3,084 and an independent variable coefficient (X) of 0,827 so that a regression equation Y = 3,084 + 0,827 X + ? or Employee Work Productivity = 3,084 + 0.827 Smart Governance + ?. The results of calculations with the t test (hypothesis) obtained a calculated t value of 8.614 which is greater than the t table value of 1.997 or 8.614 > 1.997 at a sig level of 0.000. So, the test results conclude that there is a positive and significant influence between variable X on variable Y, or in other words Smart Governance (X) has a positive and significant effect on Employee Work Productivity (Y) in the Office of the Governor of North Sumatra in the General Affairs and Equipment Bureau section. The test results using the coefficient of determination, obtained an R value of 0.730 while an R2 value of 0.533 means a coefficient of determination of 0.533 or R2 x 100% of 53.3%. That is, this value has implications that the influence of the Smart Governance (X) variable affects Employee Work Productivity (Y) at the North Sumatra Governor's Office by 53.3% and the remaining 46.7% is influenced by other variables not discussed in the study.
Social Services for Neglected Elderly at Tresna Werdha Harapan Ibu Social Institution in Semarang City
Social services for neglected elderly at the Harapan Ibu Social Institution for the Elderly (Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Harapan Ibu) include decent shelter, health care and guidance, livelihood security, development of potential and skills, creative activities, and spiritual guidance. The purpose of this study is to examine: 1) the characteristics of the informants, and 2) the identification of the types of social services for neglected elderly at the Harapan Ibu Social Institution for the Elderly. The method used is qualitative research. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with four informants, participatory observation, and documentation study. The research results were then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The techniques for testing data validity include credibility, dependability, and confirmability tests. The aspects of social services examined include social security, housing, health, education, and personal social services. The findings of this study illustrate that the services provided at the Harapan Ibu Social Institution for the Elderly in Semarang City have fulfilled the aspects of social services for the elderly. Keywords : Social Services, Social Welfare, Neglected Elderly and Tresna Werdha Social Institution
The Role of HR Analytics as a Moderator in the Integration Model of HR Capabilities and Strategic Alignment on the Sustainable Performance of Plantation Sector Companies in North Sumatra
This research seeks to examine the function of HR Analytics as a moderating variable in the integration model of HR Capabilities and Strategic Alignment concerning Sustainable Performance in plantation sector enterprises in North Sumatra. The study's background stems from the significance of the plantation sector as a primary contributor to the regional GRDP, despite encountering challenges in sustainability, digital readiness, and HR competencies. This study employed a quantitative methodology utilizing the PLS-SEM technique, involving 162 participants, including HR managers, plantation managers, departmental assistants, and sustainability officers. The results show that HR Capabilities don't have a big effect on Sustainable Performance, but Strategic Alignment does have a big negative effect. HR Analytics has a big effect on Sustainable Performance, but it doesn't change the link between HR Capabilities and performance. On the other hand, HR Analytics makes the link between Strategic Alignment and Sustainable Performance worse. These results show that HR digitalization and the use of analytics are important for plantation companies to make their business processes more flexible, efficient, and long-lasting.
Integration of Knowledge Management Capability (KMC) mediated by AI Capability and Organizational Learning Agility for Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Digital Era in Binjai City MSMEs
This research seeks to examine the function of HR Analytics as a moderating variable in the integration model of This study aims to examine the influence of Knowledge Management Capability, AI Capability, and Organizational Learning Agility on Sustainable Competitive Advantage in organizations using the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capability approaches. Analysis was conducted using PLS-SEM to assess the direct and indirect effects between variables. The results show that AI Capability has a significant positive effect on Sustainable Competitive Advantage (36.1%), confirming that the use of AI plays a crucial role in building long-term competitiveness. In addition, Knowledge Management Capability is the most dominant variable, with a very strong influence on AI Capability (85.1%), and has a significant impact on Organizational Learning Agility (22.8%) and Sustainable Competitive Advantage (33.2%). This study also found that Knowledge Management Capability influences Sustainable Competitive Advantage indirectly through AI Capability (30.7%), which is the strongest mediating pathway, and through Organizational Learning Agility (14.3%). These findings confirm that knowledge management is a fundamental element in strengthening technological capabilities and learning agility, which ultimately enhances sustainable competitive advantage. This research provides theoretical contributions to the development of a knowledge-based integration model as well as practical implications for organizations in designing sustainable digital transformation strategies.
Implications of Changes in the Role of Mamak on the Legitimacy of Minangkabau Customary Marriages: A Socio-Legal Study in Rantau and Ranah
This study aims to analyze the implications of changes in the role of the 'mamak' on the validity of Minangkabau customary marriages, particularly by comparing practices in the 'ranah' (hometown) and in the 'rantau' (diaspora). In the Minangkabau matrilineal kinship system, the mamak holds a central position as clan leader, decision-maker, and the party that provides customary legitimacy for marriages. However, modernization, social mobility, and changes in family structure have led to shifts in the function and authority of the mamak in various social contexts. This study uses a socio-legal approach to examine how customary norms, religious law, and state law interact in the marriage process, while also exploring how society perceives the validity of marriage when the role of the mamak is no longer dominant. The results show that in the ranah, the role of the mamak remains relatively strong, so the validity of marriage is greatly influenced by the mamak's approval and presence in the customary proceedings. Meanwhile, in the regions, the authority of the mamak (maternal uncle) tends to decline and is often replaced by the biological father, religious figures, or other family figures, without affecting the validity of marriages according to state and religious law. This shift leads to variations in customary practices, potential family conflicts, and renegotiations of the meaning of 'valid' according to adat. Furthermore, it was found that communities make adjustments by recognizing the flexibility of adat as long as it does not conflict with sharia principles, allowing adat to continue in a changing social context. This study concludes that the changing role of the mamak has implications for the transformation of Minangkabau customary marriage practices but does not undermine the legitimacy of marriage as long as the principle of harmonization between adat, sharia, and positive law is maintained. These findings contribute to the development of customary law studies, the strengthening of the socio-legal basis in marriage studies, as well as the understanding of social change dynamics in matrilineal societies.
Reputation Crisis Due to Influencer Controversy: Implications for Brand Marketing Communication Strategies in Indonesia
Influencer marketing has become a dominant strategy for brands in Indonesia, offering wide reach and strong audience engagement. However, the growing reliance on influencers also exposes brands to significant reputation risks, particularly when influencers become involved in public controversies. This study examines the impact of influencer-related reputation crises on brand image and evaluates how brands respond through their marketing communication strategies. Using a qualitative approach supported by case analysis from recent controversy-driven incidents, the research identifies key patterns in consumer reactions, media amplification, and the effectiveness of various crisis response strategies. Findings show that delayed responses, inconsistent messaging, and failure to distance from problematic influencers can intensify public backlash. Conversely, proactive communication, transparent clarification, and strategic message reframing help restore brand credibility more effectively. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of crisis communication within the context of influencer marketing and provides practical recommendations for Indonesian brands to manage emerging risks in the digital ecosystem.
Analysis of Determinants of Gen Z Employee Performance
This study aims to determine the effect of self-efficacy, training and work environment on the performance of Gen Z employees at PT. Wahana Putra Yudha Pematang Siantar City both partially and simultaneously. This research approach is associative. Partially there is a positive and significant influence between self-efficacy on the performance of Gen Z employees at PT. Wahana Putra Yudha Pematang Siantar City. Partially there is a positive and significant influence between training on the performance of Gen Z employees at PT. Wahana Putra Yudha Pematang Siantar City. Partially there is a positive and significant influence between the work environment on the performance of Gen Z employees at PT. Wahana Putra Yudha Pematang Siantar City. Simultaneously there is a significant positive influence between self-efficacy, training and work environment on the performance of Gen Z employees at PT. Wahana Putra Yudha Pematang Siantar City.
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment with Job Satisfaction asIntervening Variables in the State Gas Company Medan Branch Office
The purpose of this study is to analyze several things, namely the influence of emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and job satisfaction on organizational commitment, the influence of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership on job satisfaction, the influence of tional intelligence and transformational leadership on organizational commitment through job satisfaction. This study uses an associative research type with a sample of 52 respondents who are permanent employees at the State Gas Company, Medan Branch Office. Data collection techniques use a list of statements such as questionnaires and data analysis techniques use Path Analysis and to test the seven hypotheses proposed in this study using the Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) application. The results of the study show that the influence of emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and job satisfaction on organizational commitment is positive and significant, the influence of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership on job satisfaction is positive and significant, the influence of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership on organizational commitment through job satisfaction is positive and significant.
Bank Indonesia's Role in Maintaining Monetary Stability and the Payment System in Indonesia
This article discusses the role of Bank Indonesia in maintaining monetary and payment system stability as an important part of national economic resilience. Monetary stability is understood as an effort to control inflation, maintain the value of the rupiah, and ensure that the amount of money in circulation is at a level appropriate for economic needs. The development of financial technology and the digitalization of payment systems have also influenced these stabilization mechanisms, requiring Bank Indonesia to adjust its policies to structural changes in the financial system. This research uses a normative legal method with a statute and conceptual approach, and is sourced from primary legal materials such as Article 23D of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 23 of 1999, and Law no. 6 of 2009, as well as supported by secondary literature from books and scientific journals. The analysis results show that Bank Indonesia implements monetary stabilization through the BI-7DRR interest rate policy, open market operations, exchange rate intervention, and macroprudential instruments to maintain inflation and the stability of the rupiah's value. At the same time, BI's role in the payment system is realized through strengthening digital infrastructure such as QRIS and BI-FAST, improving cybersecurity, and regulations aimed at reducing systemic risk. Research findings also indicate that challenges in the digital age include cybercrime threats, infrastructure inequality, cryptocurrency developments, and the need for regulatory harmonization between institutions. Therefore, the future strategy requires BI to strengthen policy adaptation, increase digital financial literacy, and expand institutional synergies to ensure the sustained maintenance of monetary and payment system stability.
The Position of Legal Culture in the Legal System and Social Life
Indonesia is affirmed as a state of law as regulated in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which contains the consequence that law must be the main foundation in the life of the nation and state. However, in practice, law enforcement still faces various problems, especially low public legal awareness and weak trust in law enforcement officials. This study aims to analyze the role of legal culture in realizing the effectiveness of the national legal system. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, descriptive-analytical in nature, and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of the law is not only determined by the substance and structure of the law, but is also greatly influenced by the legal culture of society which reflects values, attitudes, and views towards the law. Therefore, the development of legal culture and awareness through education, socialization, and legal counseling is a strategic step in realizing a democratic, just, and welfare-oriented state of law.
Legal Protection for Victims of Sexual Violence Under Indonesian Positive Law
Sexual violence is a violation of human rights that significantly affects the physical, psychological, and social well-being of victims. Although Indonesia has established several legal frameworks to protect victims—including Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS)—its implementation continues to face various challenges. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection provided to victims of sexual violence under Indonesian positive law and to identify obstacles in its enforcement. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The findings indicate that the TPKS Law offers substantial progress by strengthening victims' rights to handling, protection, and recovery in a comprehensive manner. Nevertheless, its effectiveness remains hindered by the limited capacity of law enforcement officers to apply trauma-informed approaches, inadequate victim support services, persistent societal stigma, and weak interinstitutional coordination. This study concludes that enhancing the implementation of the TPKS Law requires improving law enforcement competence, expanding integrated victim services, and increasing public awareness to ensure that legal protection for victims is carried out effectively and equitably.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The HR 4.0 Revolution: Unraveling the Link Between HRM Digitalization, Employee Stability, and Supply Chain Resilience (An Explanatory Study at PT Astra Honda Motor Binjai Branch)
In the hyper-competitive automotive industry ecosystem, distribution branches become the frontline vulnerable to shocks, including those caused by human resource (HR) fluctuations. High turnover intention is no longer just an HR problem, but a systemic threat to operational continuity and supply chain resilience.This study holistically dissects the strategic role of Human Resource Management (HRM) digitalization as a tool to strengthen employee retention, and how the resulting HR stability acts as a catalyst for improving work productivity and Supply Chain Management (SCM) performance. Using a qualitative explanatory case study approach at PT Astra Honda Motor (AHM) Binjai Branch. Data was collected through triangulation: in-depth interviews with 7 informants from strategic to operational levels, participant observation, and analysis of performance documents (2020-2023). Data was analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The implementation of an integrated HRIS (covering e-recruitment, e-learning, digital performance appraisal, and employee self-service) successfully created a virtuous cycle. Digitalization fostered perceptions of procedural fairness, career transparency, and service efficiency, which significantly reduced turnover intention by up to 15%. This HR stability directly impacted: (1) Operational Productivity: A 12% increase in Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in the warehouse area; (2) SCM Performance: An 8% surge in on-time delivery to dealers and a 10% decrease in error rate in spare parts handling. HRM digitalization is proven to be not merely an administrative efficiency project, but a strategic investment in building resilience. By stabilizing the "heart" of operations, namely HR, the branch was able to secure its business "lifeline," namely a reliable and productive supply chain. This study offers a new conceptual model about the interconnection between HR technology, work psychology, and logistics operational performance.
PROPERTIES OF UNFIRED COMPRESSED BRICKS USING CASSAVA WASTEWATER
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of unfired compressed bricks (UCB) using the Indonesian National Standard SNI 15-2094-2000 as a reference. The tests included compressive strength, water absorption, salt content, density, and visual appearance. The bricks were produced by utilizing cassava wastewater, with cement and lime used as binding agents, mixed with red soil, galong soil, and sand, without undergoing a firing process. Variations in the composition of binder, soil, sand, and cassava wastewater were prepared with a ratio of 1:8:2 using 350 ml of wastewater. The specimens were molded using a steel mold with dimensions of 20 cm × 10 cm × 6 cm. Each mixture consisted of eight specimens and was cured for 28 days. The compressive strength of unfired bricks using cassava wastewater reached 6.39 MPa, while the control unfired bricks achieved 7.29 MPa. The average compressive strength of unfired bricks incorporating cassava wastewater still met the requirements of SNI, although several variations did not comply with the standard. However, when evaluated using international standards, all unfired brick variations produced with cassava wastewater met the specified requirements.
Implementation of Behavioral Guidance For Inmates at Class IIB Kabanjahe State Prison
The development of prisoners is an effort or a series of steps taken to empower inmates to become individuals with good morals, skills, and the ability to live independently according to the responsibilities given to them. Therefore, the author wants to study how behavioral development is implemented for correctional inmates in Class IIB Kabanjahe Detention Center. The classification of correctional institutions: Correctional institutions or prisons are Technical Implementation Units (UPT) under the Directorate General of Corrections of the Ministry of Immigration and Corrections, formerly the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. Prisons can be divided into several types by considering certain aspects. Correctional institutions can be categorized based on their facilities and capacity. This study applies a qualitative approach, which aims to examine a problem without intending to prove or disprove a previously formulated hypothesis, but rather by processing data and analyzing the issue in a non-numerical manner.
The Role of Spiritual Guidance Conducted by Religious Organizations in Shaping Self-Control (A Study on Inmates of Class IIB Kabanjahe Detention Center)
This study aims to examine the role of spiritual guidance provided by Religious Organizations in developing self-control among correctional inmates at the Class II B Kabanjahe State Detention Center. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews and observations. The results of the study reveal that the spiritual guidance activities carried out by religious organizations play a significant role in shaping the inmates' self-control abilities. Spiritual guidance can help inmates understand and accept themselves, as well as enhance their awareness and ability to exercise self-control. Therefore, this study recommends that Religious Organizations continue to provide spiritual guidance for inmates at the Class II B Kabanjahe Detention Center.
Policy Regarding Food Items Brought by Visitors for Inmates at the Class IIB Kabanjahe State Detention Center
Basically, the convicts in a case are victims of acts of abuse that violate laws and government regulations. As Indonesian citizens, they are still expected to actively participate in efforts to build the nation from various forms of setbacks. Therefore, no matter how serious the offenses committed, those who have been sentenced are expected to remain aware that the court's decision regarding their actions serves as a means to raise their awareness and guide them to abandon such behavior after serving their sentence. In this study, empirical legal research is conducted with the aim of carrying out research in accordance with what will be explained according to the law and correctional system. The data collection methods in this research are field studies and library research. Policies regarding visitors bringing food for inmates at Class IIB Kabanjahe Detention Center are regulated under Law No. 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. This law includes general principles regarding corrections, including the rights of inmates, such as receiving proper meals and healthcare services. Although it does not specifically regulate food as an item brought in, the law still ensures that inmates have the right to receive proper meals and healthcare services. Regulations in Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 40 of 2017 and Minister of Health Regulation No. 41 of 2014 govern the provision of food for inmates.
INDONESIAN TRADE IMPORTS AND CHANGES IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR FROM AMERICAN TO KOREAN FOOD STYLE TOWARDS FOOD CONSUMPTION
The problem in this study is the phenomenon of changes in consumption behavior in food, which initially the people of Medan City preferred American Style food, changing to preferring Korean Style food, this causes a change in consumption behavior in society. The main objective of this study is to analyze what factors cause behavioral changes and analyze the indicators that have been determined in food consumption to Korean food style. This type of research uses qualitative data through primary data by snowball sampling from non-probability samples using a Likert scale, to produce descriptive data. The use of Smart-PLS software is used to process the data. Indonesia's trade with the United States and South Korea has increased over time, including food from both countries. The results achieved are the decision to consume Korean food, all 4 indicators meet, but the indicator remains American food reaching 0.587, the rest achieve validity> 0.829. Furthermore, for Convergent validity, the 4 factors, namely Culture, Personal, Social and Psychological, all meet> 0.865. The results of the hypothesis test show that all factors also meet at> 0.05. So the conclusion is that young people in Medan City are experiencing a change in their food consumption behavior from American to Korean Food Style but have not completely abandoned their older food.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN MEDAN CITY TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
The research conducted by the author aims to determine and analyze the influence of leadership style, organizational culture and satisfaction on employee performance, to determine and analyze the influence of leadership style and organizational culture on employee performance through job satisfaction, to determine and analyze the influence of leadership style on employee performance through job satisfaction and to determine and analyze the influence of organizational culture on employee performance through job satisfaction at the Medan City Transportation Agency. The population in this study was the Medan City Transportation Agency totaling 220 people with a sample of 69 people. Data collection techniques used in this study were Questionnaires (Questionnaire) and Interviews and Documentation. The analysis technique in the study used SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) starting from the measurement model (outer model), model structure (inner model) and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that leadership style, organizational culture and job satisfaction influence employee performance, leadership style and organizational culture influence job satisfaction, leadership style influences employee performance through job satisfaction and organizational culture influences employee performance through job satisfaction at the Medan City Transportation Agency.
Motivation and Organizational Commitment: Key Determinants of Employee Performance in the Logistics Industry
This study aims to analyze the influence of Work Motivation and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance at PT. Ratu Intan Kargo. The research method used is a quantitative approach with descriptive and verificative analysis, which includes multiple linear regression analysis, multiple correlation analysis, coefficient of determination, as well as t-tests for partial testing and F-tests for simultaneous testing. The sample used consisted of 50 employees selected using a saturated sampling technique. The results of the study show that: 1) Work Motivation has no significant effect on Employee Performance, with a calculated t-value (1.071) smaller than the t-table value (1.675) and a significance value of 0.290 (> 0.05). 2) Organizational Commitment also has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance, with a calculated t value (4.960) greater than the table t value (1.675) and a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). 4) Simultaneously, Work Motivation and Organizational Commitment have a significant effect on Employee Performance, with a calculated F value (93.650) greater than the table F value (2.366) and a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). These findings indicate that Organizational Commitment plays an important role in improving Employee Performance, while Work Motivation needs to be enhanced with a more appropriate approach to have a significant impact on performance.
The Influence of Government Accounting Standards and Internal Control Systems on the Quality of Regional Financial Reports with Accountability as a Moderating Variable
This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of government accounting standards and internal control systems on the quality of regional financial reports, with accountability as a moderating variable (an empirical study in Medan City Regional Apparatus Organizations). Therefore, this research analysis can educate readers about the quality of Medan City regional financial reports. This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire as the data collection technique with 78 samples. The analysis method used is the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS). The results of this study indicate that government accounting standards and internal control systems influence the quality of regional financial reports
Analysis Of Land Cover Change And Its Impacts On Soil Quality And Water Availability
Land cover change is one of the major drivers of environmental degradation, significantly affecting soil quality and water availability, particularly in rapidly developing regions. This study aims to analyze land cover changes and assess their impacts on soil quality and water availability over a multi-year period. The research employed a quantitative approach using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Multi-temporal satellite imagery was used to identify land cover changes, while soil quality indicators and hydrological parameters were analyzed to evaluate environmental impacts. The results indicate a substantial conversion of vegetated areas into agricultural land and built-up areas, leading to increased soil degradation, reduced soil organic matter, and declining water availability. Areas experiencing intensive land cover change showed higher vulnerability to erosion and reduced water infiltration capacity. These findings highlight the critical role of sustainable land management and spatial planning in mitigating the negative impacts of land cover change. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and environmental managers in developing effective strategies to preserve soil quality and ensure sustainable water resources.
Topic Modeling For Analyzing Language Patterns In Online Texts
The rapid growth of digital communication has led to the generation of vast amounts of textual data in online platforms, ranging from social media to academic forums. Understanding language patterns within these texts is essential for insights into user behavior, sentiment, and communication trends. This study applies topic modeling techniques, particularly Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), to analyze language patterns in online texts. The approach enables the identification of dominant topics, trends, and semantic relationships among words in large text corpora. Data were collected from multiple online platforms, preprocessed for cleaning and normalization, and analyzed using Python-based topic modeling tools. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of topic modeling in revealing underlying themes and patterns, providing valuable insights for researchers, educators, and platform administrators to better understand digital communication behaviors. This research contributes to the field of computational linguistics by offering a scalable methodology for automated analysis of large-scale online textual data.
MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE FUNDS: WITH TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY
this research is quantitative with an associative approach, where data is collected through questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents consisting of school principals, treasurers, and school operational staff. The results showed that transparency and accountability have a positive and significant effect on the management of BOS funds. The test results indicate that transparency has a significant effect with a t-statistic value of 7.360 and accountability with a t-statistic value of 3.133. In addition, simultaneously, transparency and accountability significantly influence the management of BOS funds with an F-statistic value of 24.545. This research is expected to contribute to improving the management of educational funds in Indonesia through the application of transparency and accountability principles
Financial Literacy and SME Financial Performance, The Mediating Roles of Marketing Capability and Human Capital
This study examines the effect of financial literacy on financial performance and the mediating roles of marketing capability and human capital. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 124 respondents, and data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that financial literacy has a positive total effect on financial performance (? = 0.595). Financial literacy significantly enhances marketing capability (? = 0.446) and human capital (? = 0.396), which in turn positively influence financial performance. Human capital shows the strongest effect (? = 0.544), followed by marketing capability (? = 0.372). Mediation analysis confirms partial mediation, with indirect effects of 0.166 (marketing capability) and 0.215 (human capital). The model explains 63.2% of the variance in financial performance, indicating strong explanatory power. The findings suggest that financial literacy improves financial outcomes both directly and indirectly through capability development. This study contributes by integrating financial literacy theory, resource based view, and human capital theory into a unified mediation framework.
SAVING BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE AND INCOME WITH FINTECH AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE
A research approach is a design, guideline, or reference for the research to be conducted. This research approach is quantitative, in accordance with the problem being addressed in this study.Quantitative research methods are used to examine a specific population or sample using quantitative/statistical research instruments and data analysis to test hypotheses. This research focused on and was planned for Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) customers in Medan who actively use the BSI mobile banking application.A positive path coefficient indicates that Product Knowledge has a unidirectional relationship with Fintech usage, indicating that the influence of Product Knowledge on Saving Behavior is not significant. A positive path coefficient indicates that in terms of the direction of the relationship, an increase in income tends to be followed by an increase in saving behavior. A positive path coefficient indicates that in terms of the direction of the relationship, an increase in income tends to be followed by an increase in saving behavior
The Granger Causality on Economic Growth and Government Expenditure in Asean
The expansion of the economy and public expenditure are central issues in a country's macroeconomic analysis, which is generally analyzed through two main approaches, namely the Keynesian and Wagnerian perspectives. The purpose of this study is to explore the cause-and-effect relationship between economic growth and government spending in selected ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, throughout the 1974–2023 timeframe. The Granger causality method was applied to perform the analysis. The results indicate that only in Singapore is there a one-way causal relationship from economic growth to government spending. This means that increased economic growth drives an increase in public spending. This finding supports the applicability of Wagner's law in Singapore, where growing economic activity is followed by increased government fiscal intervention in the form of public service provision. Conversely, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, no significant causal relationship was found, either one-way or two-way. This indicates that neither the Keynesian nor Wagnerian views have been empirically proven in these three countries during the observation period. In these countries, economic growth has not directly driven an increase in government spending, and conversely, government spending has not been proven to drive economic growth. Therefore, in terms of policy, Singapore needs to continue to maintain and enhance its economic growth in order to expand the provision of public facilities.
Termination of Employment for Urgent Reasons: Issues on Worker Protection
Termination of Employment for urgent reasons has made it easier for Employers to carry out layoffs without going through the Industrial Relations Dispute Resolution Institution process in accordance with the Job Creation Law in conjunction with Article 52 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021. The provisions for layoffs for urgent reasons have experienced ups and downs, after being prohibited by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 012/PUU-I/2003 and then revived by the Job Creation Law in conjunction with Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021. In law enforcement, decisions of the Industrial Court also pave the way for layoffs for urgent reasons. This research uses a normative juridical approach, conducted to find out the history of regulations for layoffs for urgent reasons starting from those regulated in the Civil Code, Law No. 57 of 1957 in conjunction with Law No. 12 of 1964, Law No. 13 of 2003, Constitutional Court Decision No. 12/PUU-I/2003 and the Job Creation Law in conjunction with Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 and to determine the application of the law by Industrial Relations Court judges in disputes over termination of employment for urgent reasons. The research findings regarding the provisions on termination of employment for urgent reasons as stipulated in the current provisions and the application of the law by Industrial Relations Court judges do not consider the principle of maintaining employment relationships to the extent possible.
THE EFFECT OF MARKETING STRATEGY AND SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH BRAND IMAGE AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
The increasingly competitive logistics industry in Indonesia requires freight forwarding companies to implement effective marketing strategies and consistent service quality. PT. Anugerah Indo Maritim Sejahtera (AIMS) faces challenges in maintaining customer satisfaction, as indicated by dissatisfaction due to less optimal marketing strategies and inconsistent service quality, which weakens its brand image. This study aims to analyze the influence of marketing strategy on customer satisfaction, the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction, the effect of marketing strategy on brand image, the influence of service quality on brand image, the impact of brand image on customer satisfaction, and the mediating role of brand image in the relationship between marketing strategy, service quality, and customer satisfaction at PT. AIMS. The research adopts a quantitative associative method involving 100 respondents selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed with Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) to test seven hypotheses. The results indicate that both marketing strategy and service quality have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and brand image. Furthermore, brand image significantly influences customer satisfaction and mediates the relationship between marketing strategy, service quality, and customer satisfaction. These findings highlight that the combination of effective marketing strategies and high-quality services builds a strong brand image, which directly enhances customer satisfaction.
Intellectual Capital and Profitability Performance: Empirical Evidence on Basic and Chemical Industry Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Intellectual capital is often not directly recorded on the balance sheet, even though its information is used to create value, competitive advantage, and improve company performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of intellectual capital on profitability performance in basic and chemical industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Intellectual capital is measured using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) approach, which consists of Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA), while profitability is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). With a quantitative approach, this study uses secondary data in the form of company financial reports obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 10 companies over a six-year period, resulting in 60 observations. Data analysis methods using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis to test the research hypothesis. The results of the study indicate that VAHU, VACA, and STVA partially significantly influence ROA. Furthermore, these three intellectual capital components simultaneously significantly influence company profitability. These findings indicate that effective intellectual capital management plays a crucial role in improving the financial performance of basic and chemical industry companies
The Spread of Information and Interaction on Social Media in Influencing Information Asymmetry and Investment Decision-Making
This study examines the influence of social media in Indonesia on investment decision-making. Currently, social media platforms are developing rapidly and have become an important source of information for investors. This can be observed through the emergence of corporate social media accounts, investment company social media platforms, and stock analyst social media accounts across various platforms. These channels aim to provide diverse information to assist investors in making informed investment decisions. This research explains how information dissemination and user interactions on social media, which generate a wisdom of crowds effect, can reduce information asymmetry in the investment decision-making process. The study employs primary data collected by distributing questionnaires to investment-related social media groups and communities. A total of 150 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The findings illustrate how information disseminated through corporate social media, investment company social media, and stock analyst social media influences information asymmetry in investment decision-making. Furthermore, the study describes how interactions among social media users (wisdom of crowds) within these platforms contribute to reducing information asymmetry and shaping investment decisions.
Legal Regulations on Health Services and Suitable Food for Prisoners in Class IIa Pancur Batu Correctional Institution
This study examines the effectiveness of fulfilling the rights to healthcare services and adequate food provision at the Class IIA Pancur Batu Correctional Institution amid the regulatory transition during the 2024–2025 period. Employing a juridical-empirical research method with statutory, case, and comparative approaches, the study analyzes the harmonization between the mandates of Law Number 22 of 2022 and Minister of Immigration and Corrections Regulation Number 1 of 2025 and the State’s fiscal capacity. The findings reveal a disparity between normative expectations (das Sollen) and operational realities (das Sein). Although prison management demonstrates procedural compliance through the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), food security innovations, and financial digitalization, the substantive effectiveness of service delivery remains constrained by structural barriers. These obstacles include budget limitations under the Standard Input Costs (SBM), food price volatility, and demographic pressures resulting from overcrowding, which heighten health risks. A comparison with the Nelson Mandela Rules confirms gaps in meeting the standards of wholesome food quality and the principle of equivalence of care in healthcare provision. Accordingly, institutional strengthening strategies are required, including budget rationalization, optimization of telemedicine services, and integration of prison healthcare into the national social security system to ensure the protection of inmates’ fundamental rights.
Criminal Offense of Narcotics Distribution Through Mass Media
This research is motivated by the convergence of digital technology disruption, which gave birth to the phenomenon of “Uberization of Drug Trafficking,” and the national criminal law reform through the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (National Criminal Code). This study aims to analyze the dynamics of narcotics trafficking crimes through mass media ranging from the surface web to the darknet within the new legal framework, as well as to identify potential impunity gaps due to the regulatory transition period. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, sourced from secondary data. The results indicate that the shift in the penal paradigm of the National Criminal Code from retributive to rehabilitative and restorative provides a sharp differentiation in handling between abusers and syndicates. However, the revocation of certain lex specialis provisions in the Narcotics Law potentially creates a legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) regarding electronic transaction offenses if not anticipated with progressive legal interpretation, particularly through the construction of “intermediary tools” and corporate criminal liability. The complexity of modus operandi utilizing end-to-end encryption and cryptocurrency demands a reorientation of law enforcement strategies from conventional approaches towards a Smart Power approach that integrates digital forensics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and solid international cooperation.
Effectiveness of Registration Standards in the Classification of Inmates
The registration and classification of inmates constitute a fundamental initial stage in the administration of the correctional system, as they form the basis for placement decisions, security management, and individualized rehabilitation programs. Registration standards, as regulated through technical guidelines and administrative instruments within correctional units, are intended to ensure accurate data recording, risk identification, and the formulation of effective treatment and development programs. However, their implementation continues to face various challenges that affect the overall effectiveness of inmate classification. Empirical studies conducted across several correctional institutions indicate that limitations in human resources, infrastructure constraints, and insufficient training of assessment officers hinder the consistent application of registration standards in accordance with established guidelines. As a result, the objective of achieving appropriate inmate grouping and the optimal design of individualized correctional programs has not been uniformly realized. At the normative level, the enactment of Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections has renewed the legal framework previously governed by Law Number 12 of 1995. The new statute reinforces the principles of individualization, continuity, and the protection of inmates’ rights as integral components of a modern correctional system oriented toward rehabilitation and social reintegration. Although this updated legal framework strengthens the rights-based and evidence-based orientation of correctional administration, the technical regulation of registration and classification procedures remains largely dependent on guidelines issued by the Directorate General of Corrections. Consequently, further harmonization between statutory provisions and technical instruments is necessary to enhance legal certainty and operational effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that the effectiveness of registration standards in inmate classification is determined not solely by the quality of written regulations, but also by institutional capacity, administrative coherence, and the availability of adequate resources to ensure accurate and sustainable implementation.
Socialization of Risk Management Implementation in Improving Village Financial Management
Village financial management is a crucial aspect of village governance that requires transparency, accountability, and adherence to applicable regulations. The risk of financial irregularities in village fund management remains a significant challenge faced by many village governments in Indonesia, including Klambir V Kebun Village, Deli Serdang Regency. This community service activity aimed to enhance the understanding of village apparatus regarding the implementation of public risk management in improving village financial management. The activity was conducted on November 26, 2024, using socialization and counseling methods through lectures, discussion, and question-and-answer sessions, with the distribution of modules to 10 village apparatus participants. Pre- and post-activity evaluations indicated a significant improvement in participants' understanding of risk management concepts, particularly in the areas of risk identification, risk analysis, and risk mitigation strategies. The results demonstrate that socialization of risk management is effective in improving the capability of village officials in managing village finances transparently and accountably. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing capacity-building programs for village apparatus as part of efforts to strengthen village governance and financial accountability in Indonesia.
Correctional Institution Policy on Extraordinary Permission for Inmates Outside Visiting Hours
In the course of legal proceedings, detainees held in detention centers retain certain rights as part of the protection and services afforded to them, including the right to apply for temporary leave and extraordinary leave. However, there is a distinction between temporary leave and extraordinary leave for detainees in detention centers. This differs from the situation of convicted prisoners, as prisoners are already serving their criminal sentences, and the detention center bears a fuller obligation to fulfill their rights compared with detainees who are still undergoing legal proceedings. Therefore, temporary leave and extraordinary leave may still be granted to detainees or prisoners, provided that the applicable legal procedures and regulations are observed.